[n 3] Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity, with the Quran as well as his teachings and practices forming the basis of Islamic religious belief. [109][110] The community defined in the Constitution of Medina, Ummah, had a religious outlook, also shaped by practical considerations and substantially preserved the legal forms of the old Arab tribes. This placed Muhammad in danger; the withdrawal of clan protection implied that blood revenge for his killing would not be exacted. No agreement was reached after prolonged negotiations, partly due to sabotage attempts by Muhammad's scouts. The Prophets of the family fo Prophet Abraham:-Prophet Ishaq – Ya’cob – Yusuf – Alyas – Zakaria – Yunus – Muhammad Alyasa. Muslims have traditionally expressed love and veneration for Muhammad. Muhammad Ali was a heavyweight boxing champion with an impressive 56-win record. [70] He was from afar the most beautiful of men and the most glorious, and close up he was the sweetest and the loveliest. His family belonged to the Quraysh, which was the chief tribe of Mecca and a dominant force in western Arabia. [102] Ibn Ishaq, author of the first biography of Muhammad, presents the event as a spiritual experience; later historians, such as Al-Tabari and Ibn Kathir, present it as a physical journey. Osama bin Laden is a terrorist extremist who planned the September 11, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center and is intent on driving Western influence from the Muslim world. Muhammad (Arabic: مُحمّد‎; pronounced [muħammad]; c. 570 – c. 8 June 632) was the founder of Islam. As with the migration to Abyssinia, the Quraysh attempted to stop the emigration. This choice was disputed by some of Muhammad's companions, who held that Ali ibn Abi Talib, his cousin and son-in-law, had been designated the successor by Muhammad at Ghadir Khumm. [16] Henri de Boulainvilliers, in his Vie de Mahomed which was published posthumously in 1730, described Muhammad as a gifted political leader and a just lawmaker. "[287] Jean-Jacques Rousseau, in his Social Contract (1762), "brushing aside hostile legends of Muhammad as a trickster and impostor, presents him as a sage legislator who wisely fused religious and political powers. [175] Most Meccans converted to Islam and Muhammad proceeded to destroy all the statues of Arabian gods in and around the Kaaba. [161], Negotiations commenced with emissaries traveling to and from Mecca. [81] Muhammad's mission also involves preaching monotheism: The Quran commands Muhammad to proclaim and praise the name of his Lord and instructs him not to worship idols or associate other deities with God. When The Prophet married her, both daughters came with her mother to live in the house of the Prophet. As well as being the site of an annual pilgrimage, the Kaaba shrine in Mecca housed 360 idols of tribal patron deities. [7] In later years, he would periodically seclude himself in a mountain cave named Hira for several nights of prayer. This event marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar. Similarly, Quran 46:12 states "...And before this was the book of Moses, as a guide and a mercy. [282] Today, millions of historical reproductions and modern images are available in some Muslim-majority countries, especially Turkey and Iran, on posters, postcards, and even in coffee-table books, but are unknown in most other parts of the Islamic world, and when encountered by Muslims from other countries, they can cause considerable consternation and offense. You took them in God's trust, and legitimated your sexual relations with the Word of God, so come to your senses people, and hear my words ..." He told them that they were entitled to discipline their wives but should do so with kindness. [270][271] Muslims generally avoid depictions of Muhammad, and mosques are decorated with calligraphy and Quranic inscriptions or geometrical designs, not images or sculptures. [...] In his married life, as well as in his religious life, a change seems to have come over Muhammad after his removal to Medina. [46], During the early years of Muhammad's life, the Quraysh tribe to which he belonged became a dominant force in western Arabia. Muhammad is said to have asked for arrangements to marry both. [157], Muhammad's descendants through Fatimah are known as sharifs, syeds or sayyids. [89], However, there is a completely different story on the reason why the Muslims returned from Ethiopia to Mecca. He is viewed as the final prophet of God in the main branches of Islam. The Quranic verses of this period, unlike the Meccan verses, dealt with practical problems of government and issues like the distribution of spoils. Nomadic groups constantly traveled seeking water and pasture for their flocks, while the sedentary settled and focused on trade and agriculture. The town of Mecca was an important trading and religious center, home to many temples and worship sites where the devoted prayed to the idols of these gods. And this Book confirms (it)...", while 2:136 commands the believers of Islam to "Say: we believe in God and that which is revealed unto us, and that which was revealed unto Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and the tribes, and that which Moses and Jesus received, and which the prophets received from their Lord. Muhammad gave amnesty to many of the Meccan leaders who had opposed him and pardoned many others. "Muḥammad". Salman Rushdie is a British-Indian novelist best known for the novels 'Midnight's Children' and 'The Satanic Verses,' for which he was accused of blasphemy against Islam. These are honorific titles in Arabic, sharif meaning 'noble' and sayed or sayyid meaning 'lord' or 'sir'. Muhammad performed household chores such as preparing food, sewing clothes, and repairing shoes. All Sufi orders trace their chain of spiritual descent back to Muhammad. [62], Several years later, according to a narration collected by historian Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad was involved with a well-known story about setting the Black Stone in place in the wall of the Kaaba in 605 CE. The rest of their property was claimed by Muhammad in the name of God as it was not gained with bloodshed. For other people named Muhammad, see, أَبُو ٱلْقَاسِم مُحَمَّد ٱبْن عَبْد ٱللَّٰه ٱبْن عَبْد ٱلْمُطَّلِب ٱبْن هَاشِم, "Apart from this one-day lapse, which was excised from the text, the Quran is simply unrelenting, unaccommodating and outright despising of paganism." [20] The Quran also addresses Muhammad in the second person by various appellations; prophet, messenger, servant of God ('abd), announcer (bashir),[Quran 2:119] witness (shahid),[Quran 33:45] bearer of good tidings (mubashshir), warner (nathir),[Quran 11:2] reminder (mudhakkir),[Quran 88:21] one who calls [unto God] (dā'ī),[Quran 12:108] light personified (noor),[Quran 05:15] and the light-giving lamp (siraj munir). [155], In the siege of Medina, the Meccans exerted the available strength to destroy the Muslim community. [131] Following the Battle of Badr, Muhammad also made mutual-aid alliances with a number of Bedouin tribes to protect his community from attacks from the northern part of Hejaz. She soon became attracted to this young, accomplished man and proposed marriage. By the time of his death, most of the Arabian Peninsula had converted to Islam.[17][18]. However, when his message condemned idol worship and polytheism, many of Mecca’s tribal leaders began to see Muhammad and his message as a threat. He was sweet of speech and articulate, but not petty or trifling. A New Moon - and Islamic month - is born. Tribal affiliation, whether based on kinship or alliances, was an important source of social cohesion. [129], Muhammad expelled from Medina the Banu Qaynuqa, one of three main Jewish tribes,[16] but some historians contend that the expulsion happened after Muhammad's death. [268] An account of the birth of Islam. Three goddesses were revered as God's daughters: Allāt, Manāt and al-'Uzzá. The clan leaders held the corners of the cloth and together carried the Black Stone to the right spot, then Muhammad laid the stone, satisfying the honor of all. When silent, he was grave and dignified, and when he spoke, glory rose up and overcame him.
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